What is critical infrastructure such as utilities and banking are which partners responsibility?

Critical infrastructure, including utilities and banking, is a shared responsibility between government and private sector partners. While specific roles and responsibilities vary by country and sector, here's a general overview:

• Government Responsibilities: The government, usually through agencies like the Department of Homeland Security (in the US), sets the overall security policy and regulatory framework for critical infrastructure. They also conduct risk assessments, provide intelligence, and coordinate incident response. Government agencies may also have direct oversight responsibilities for certain sectors, such as nuclear power. Legislation like the Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act (CISA) promotes information sharing between government and private sector entities.

• Private Sector Responsibilities: Private sector owners and operators are primarily responsible for the day-to-day security and resilience of their own infrastructure. This includes implementing security measures, conducting vulnerability assessments, developing incident response plans, and complying with relevant regulations. Industries like Energy Sector, Water Systems, and Financial Services are often privately owned and operated.

• Partnership and Collaboration: Effective protection of critical infrastructure relies heavily on strong partnerships and collaboration between government and private sector entities. This includes information sharing, joint exercises and training, and coordinated incident response. Public-private partnerships like Information Sharing and Analysis Centers (ISACs) facilitate collaboration and information sharing within specific sectors.